China says 400 million can't speak national language

• BanguIzai

  17 Jan 14, 22:47

  Originally posted by Clivebenss:

  Thanks for the clarification. It seems the southern languages are more descriptive than the northern languages which I have not much knowledge. I know many assume mandarin is Beijing language but what I remembered in Beijing operas was very different from mandarin. I'm no linguist but it will be sad if so many language is simplified to a lower form just for intercommunication.

        Currently there is none at all, if any, educational stuffs here to deepen the knowledge of Hokkien.
        For the benefit of one's self-studying, I have drafted a broad 3-step (3As) framework for maintaining Hokkien's sustenance.

  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

  THE SUSTENANCE FRAMEWORK (1st draft)

  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

  Basic Level (Stage 1: Awareness)
  

  Aim: Awareness of Hokkien as a distinct language

  Target Groups:
  a) New Users Target Group: Non-speakers of Hokkien with minimal Hokkien knowledge
  b) Existing Target Audience: Basic users of Hokkien from non-Hokkien related languages (i.e. non-Hokkien/non-Teochew/non-Hainanese/non-Hockchiu/non-Hockchia/non-Henghwa or related languages)

  Duration:
  6 months

  Content:

  1. Aware that Hokkien has a different syllable structure

  2. Aware that Hokkien has a different set of basic vocabulary

  3. Aware that Hokkien has a system of dual pronunciation

  4. Aware that Hokkien has an open attitude towards loanwords

  5. Aware of the learning resources & pitfalls of self-studying Hokkien

  - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + -

  Intermediate Level (Stage 2: Acknowledgement)
  

  Aim: Acknowledge Hokkien as a functional language

  Target Groups:
  a) New Users Target Group: Hokkien speakers of Hokkien descent with basic knowledge of Hokkien // or non-Hokkien descent speakers who had spoken Hokkien at least for 5 years
  b) Existing Target Audience: Generally users of Hokkien from other related sibling languages (eg. Teochew/Hainanese/Hockchiu/Hockchia/Henghwa or related languages)

  Duration:
  1 year

  Content:

  1. Acknowledge Hokkien's treasure cove of Ancient Chinese

  2. Acknowledge Hokkien's transcription systems in retrospection

  3. Acknowledge Hokkien's relationship with the other dialects in the Min-language family

  4. Acknowledge Hokkien's response to new-age media and popular culture

  5. Acknowledge Hokkien's unifying force among the Chinese communities of Singapore

  - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + -

  Advance Level (Stage 3: Appreciation)
  

  Aim: Appreciate Hokkien as intangible cultural heritage
           (cf.: http://www.unesco.org/culture/ich/?pg=53 : Oral traditions and expressions including language as a vehicle of the intangible cultural heritage)

  Target Groups:
  a) New Users Target Group: Hokkien speakers of non-Hokkien descent who had been using Hokkien in all their life // or at least had spoken the language for 10 years
  b) Existing Target Audience: Current Hokkien speakers of Hokkien descent

  Duration:
  2 years

  Content:

  1. Appreciate Hokkien through oral and written literature

  2. Appreciate Hokkien in cognitive process

  3. Appreciate the regional variations of Hokkien

  4. Appreciate the versatility in the standardization & computerization of Hokkien

  5. Appreciate the unique history against future developments of Hokkien

   

  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

   

        The details, structure, and resources can be elaborated at a later time.  

   

  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

• Clivebenss

  18 Jan 14, 05:01

  It will be an uphill task given the structure and policies regarding dialects in Sg. The dialects will continue the decline as more and more are detached from the mother tongues and assumed unity rather diversity. Along with the strong heritage from each dialects will be lost.

  How to revitalise? I really wish I can answer but with the break in the younger generation from the dying out of their elders. My kids asked me about speaking Hokkien was bad during the Speak Mandarin campaign in the late 70s. I told them if Hokkien was bad then you should go ahead to speak mandarin and forget about the family who speak Hokkien that you grew up with. I told them an Hokkien idiom and the story.

  chao shou lui an kong; chao shou lui an pei (Quemoy idiom). The family is poor, so the grandpa asked the son, put me in the abyss with this rope. As the son is obidient, he cried as he lowered his father down the cliff. The grandson watched and told his father not to throw the rope. The grandson said "Asked grandpa to untied himself so next time he will use the rope again for his father." Realising that the hardship is nothing compare to kinship, the son pull back the old man.

  So I asked my son "If you find it because your study is affected by us speaking Hokkien where is kinship? Even wise old man make mistake we must realise we can't follow instruction blindly. Whatever the difficulty will not be exacting losing what you have."

   

   

• BanguIzai

  19 Jan 14, 05:13

  Originally posted by Clivebenss:

  It will be an uphill task given the structure and policies regarding dialects in Sg. The dialects will continue the decline as more and more are detached from the mother tongues and assumed unity rather diversity. Along with the strong heritage from each dialects will be lost.

  How to revitalise? I really wish I can answer but with the break in the younger generation from the dying out of their elders. My kids asked me about speaking Hokkien was bad during the Speak Mandarin campaign in the late 70s. I told them if Hokkien was bad then you should go ahead to speak mandarin and forget about the family who speak Hokkien that you grew up with. I told them an Hokkien idiom and the story.

  chao shou lui an kong; chao shou lui an pei (Quemoy idiom). The family is poor, so the grandpa asked the son, put me in the abyss with this rope. As the son is obidient, he cried as he lowered his father down the cliff. The grandson watched and told his father not to throw the rope. The grandson said "Asked grandpa to untied himself so next time he will use the rope again for his father." Realising that the hardship is nothing compare to kinship, the son pull back the old man.

  So I asked my son "If you find it because your study is affected by us speaking Hokkien where is kinship? Even wise old man make mistake we must realise we can't follow instruction blindly. Whatever the difficulty will not be exacting losing what you have."

   

   

  Die lo. This is the reason why dialect met its demise.

  I asked someone before "Your son and daughter cannot speak their dialect. Why?"
  He answer "Preserve dialect for wat, oso cannot earn money one!".
  Then I ask him "Did you teach your son & daughter call you Dad & ur wife Mom from young or you let them call you Teck Beng?"
  He answer "Of course call me Dad lah!"
  I ask "Why?"
  He say "Of course must preserve tradition what!"
  I reply "Preserve tradition for wat, oso cannot earn money one!"

  Selectivity is real. Give plain excuses for not preserving something, yet they are stumped when they are asked why they still preserve something. (keyword = just laziness.)

  - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + -

  è�‰ç´¢ç¸‹å®‰å…¬ tsh'au soh lui an kong
  è�‰ç´¢ç¸‹å®‰çˆ¶ tsh'au soh lui an pe

  Yes, in my (Quemoy) speech we separate address 安- an- for the elder generation relatives from father side, while 阿- a- is for anyone from mother side, something that I think is special. Therefore 安公 an-kong=paternal grandpa, 阿公 a-kong=maternal grandpa, 安嬤 an-ma=paternal grandma, 阿嬤 a-ma=maternal grandma, 安父 an-pe=father, å®‰ä¼¯ an-pek=paternal senior than father uncle, 安å�” an-tsek=paternal junior than father uncle, 安姆 an-mm=paternal senior than father uncle wife, 安嬸 an-tsim=paternal junior than father uncle wife, 安姑 an-kor=paternal aunt, å®‰ç¥–公嬤 an-tsor-kong-ma=paternal great grandpa+grandma, 阿祖公嬤 a-tsor-kong-ma=maternal great grandpa+grandma.

  However there are no forms such as 安舅 an-ku, 安妗 an-kim, 安姨 an-yi (only 阿舅 a-ku, 阿妗 a-kim, 阿姨 a-yi) because they only exist on the mother side, and forms such as 阿伯 a-pek, 阿å�” a-tsek, 阿姆 a-mm, 阿嬸 a-tsim, 阿姑 a-kor is only used for addressing of general outsiders. And I have not come across 安兄 an-hiaN or 安姊 an-tsi as we come from the same generation, so only 阿兄 a-hiaN or 阿姊 a-tsi. Of course definitely no 安弟 an-ti and 安妹 an-be !

  Furthermore, we usually pronounce the 安- an- as in the (non-sandhi) 陽平 tone or the (sandhi) 陰上 tone in the Quemoy way (=rising tone). 

          This part just nice can illustrate for the topic in "Advance:Stage3: 2.Appreciate Hokkien in cognitive process" because it has just shown that (Quemoy) Hokkien speakers reflects itself as from a culture that places emphasis on patrilineal kinship. (Quemoy) Hokkien culture notes the family of the mom's side (matrilineal) as "outside" (阿 a-) as opposed to family of the dad's side (patrilineal) as "inside" (安 an-). Non-blood relations (eg. outsider) are all to be referred by "outside" (阿 a-) as well.
          Also, (Quemoy) Hokkien culture places emphasis on elders, as shown by "younger" or "same" generation (阿 a-) as opposed to "elder" generation (安 an-).
          In conclusion, 安 an- carries the sense of "polite, respectful, internal" form when 阿a- is the "neutral" form.

  - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + -

• Clivebenss

  19 Jan 14, 10:16

  Even among Hokkien there are differences and hence when you are acute in listening their conversation you know where their family are from. So Teck Beng is like the filial son who will not question his elder who will lower the dialect into the abyss as he will be ditched the same way.

  It's a matter of upbringing. I know I can't stop my children or grandchildren and I don't like to hold them by tradition or pride but on reasoning. I feel they still enjoy being a Hokkien despite we can communicate in English, Mandarin or sometimes Malay peppered in. They know that every dialects have many advantages. I will like to emphasise that Hokkien make better business senses and invariably a good thing if you want to make more money. Poor Teck Beng he don't know what he is missing.

  

• BanguIzai

  21 Jan 14, 14:06

  Originally posted by Clivebenss:

  Even among Hokkien there are differences and hence when you are acute in listening their conversation you know where their family are from. So Teck Beng is like the filial son who will not question his elder who will lower the dialect into the abyss as he will be ditched the same way.

  It's a matter of upbringing. I know I can't stop my children or grandchildren and I don't like to hold them by tradition or pride but on reasoning. I feel they still enjoy being a Hokkien despite we can communicate in English, Mandarin or sometimes Malay peppered in. They know that every dialects have many advantages. I will like to emphasise that Hokkien make better business senses and invariably a good thing if you want to make more money. Poor Teck Beng he don't know what he is missing.

  

  a ha ha! true 

  Any guess to what is this (below)?

  

  No prize for guessing correctly la 

                                   (clue:  read in Mandarin & understand in Hokkien)

• Clivebenss

  21 Jan 14, 20:57

  Originally posted by BanguIzai:

  a ha ha! true 

  Any guess to what is this (below)?

  

  No prize for guessing correctly la 

                                   (clue:  read in Mandarin & understand in Hokkien)

  

• BanguIzai

  21 Jan 14, 22:37

  Originally posted by Clivebenss:

  

  

  Nowadays, I wonder how many people can get the 4 pronunciation of 香 correct?

  

  Ans：

  阿香（Hiong） 去香（Hiang）港
  買回的香（HÄ©Å©N） 真香（Ph'ang）    

   

   

   

• Clivebenss

  21 Jan 14, 23:39

  Originally posted by BanguIzai:

  

  Nowadays, I wonder how many people can get the 4 pronunciation of 香 correct?

  

  Ans：

  阿香（Hiong） 去香（Hiang）港
  買回的香（HÄ©Å©N） 真香（Ph'ang）    

   

   

   

  五香 �.

  

   

• BanguIzai

  23 Jan 14, 00:44

  Originally posted by Clivebenss:

  五香 �.

  

   

  Who is Ngor Hiong Tsia 

  ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

  Chinese New Year is coming.

  Too many people are pronouncing æ�­å–œç™¼è²¡ as "Kong" hee huat chai in Hokkien nowadays.
  The correct pronounciation for æ�­ is "Kiong". Therefore it should be Kiong Hee Huat Chai !

  http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/insights/02/02/11/kung-hei-fat-choi-or-kiong-hee-huat-tsai

  'Kung Hei Fat Choi' or 'Kiong Hee Huat Tsai?'

  By Willard Cheng, ABS-CBN News

  Posted at 02/02/2011 3:05 PM | Updated as of 02/02/2011 8:17 PM

   

  MANILA, Philippines - Both greetings refer to the same set of 4 Chinese characters that literally means “Congratulations and wishing you prosperity!”

  But guess which one is the more appropriate greeting when you are in the Philippines? (Actually, it doesn't even mean "Happy New Year." More on this later.)

  “Kung Hei Fat Choi” has obviously been the more popular one, commonly said and printed on banners, advertisements and different forms of media. But this greeting is Cantonese.

  Considering that majority of the Chinese Filipinos here in the Philippines speak the Hokkien dialect, I recommend that we say the greeting in Hokkien, which is pronounced and spelled as "Kiong Hee Huat Tsai."

  Tsinoys will appreciate to hear the greeting in the dialect they understand.

  Cantonese is one of the 9 other groups of dialects in China and is most commonly spoken in Hong Kong, Guangdong, and Macau.

  Hokkien is the dialect spoken in Fujian province where most of the Chinese-Filipinos come from.

  

  

  

  

  So, Sin Ni Khuai Lok  and  Kiong Hi Huat Tsai lo !  

• Clivebenss

  23 Jan 14, 01:35

  Kong Hee is popular mixed up of cantonese (partially CHC got it going too).

  More appropriate hokkien is sin chia khuai lok, again sin ni khuai lok is adulterate from cantonese.

  Anyway Happy New Year and dun think too much until kiong hee huat tsio.

  

• BanguIzai

  23 Jan 14, 14:54

  Originally posted by Clivebenss:

  Kong Hee is popular mixed up of cantonese (partially CHC got it going too).

  More appropriate hokkien is sin chia khuai lok, again sin ni khuai lok is adulterate from cantonese.

  Anyway Happy New Year and dun think too much until kiong hee huat tsio.

  

  Happy New Year to you too 

  ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

  Yup, I agree that as Hokkien began popularized among different dialect groups, pronounciations crept into Hokkien and these words came back to haunt the Hokkiens themselves.

  æ�­ is read as Kong = "å…¬" in Cantonese as well as Kong = "å…¬" in Mandarin (hanyu pinyin=gÅ�ng).
  However, in Hokkien as well as in Teochew, it is always read as æ�­ "Kiong" and not "å…¬" Kong.
  We can take reference from our closest language related to Hokkien, the Hockchews, who also differentiate æ�­ "Kyng" ≠ å…¬ "Kung"

  Similar adulterations exists in æ��怖, Hokkien is æ�� "Kh'iong" Por, however many Hokkiens and non-Hokkiens nowadays pronounce as å­” "Kh'ong" por, which I believe is an adulteration from Hong = "æ��=å­”" in Cantonese as well as Kh'ong = "æ��=å­”" in Mandarin (hanyu pinyin=kÇ’ng).
  Similar to Hokkien, Teochews differentiate between æ�� "Kh'iong" ≠ å­” "Kh'ong"
  The nearest language, Hockchews, also differentiate æ�� "Kh'yng" ≠ å­” "Kh'ung" 

  This 公共 is also commonly mispronounced as "Kong Kong". The correct Hokkien pronounciation should be "Kong Kiong".
  Also æ��ä¾› is also commonly mispronounced as "Th'e Kong". The correct Hokkien pronounciation should be "Th'e Kiong"

  All stemmed from adulterations from Cantonese as well as Mandarin.

  ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

  It's surprising that Teochews maintain 新正如æ„� Sin TsÄ©ãN Dzu Yi as the most common form of New Year greeting whether in Singapore, Malaysia and Thailand. However in Singapore and Malaysia, in mass media such as Rediffusion and Hokkien New Year Songs, 新年快樂 Sin NÄ© Kh'uai Lok has been adulterated from Cantonese earlier on and taken over as the more popular greeting. In my family 新年快樂 Sin NÄ© Kh'uai Lok had taken precedence over 新正快樂 Sin TsÄ©ãN Kh'uai Lok. This shows that Hokkien in the process of popularizing itself as the common language had thinned out it's own characteristics.
  However, Teochew not being the common language, is able to preserve some of the authentic usages.
  But in some other usages, Teochew lost more than Hokkien. I elaborate in the future.

  ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

  �喜發娋（Tsh'io）？ Tsh'io = ①動物發情 ②男性性�動 ③衣著出衆而體� ④好色

  ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

  I think any language once popularized by the masses, goes towards pidginization and simplification, isn't it? Singapore Hokkien carries such many Malay loanwords, many Teochew loanwords, some Cantonese usage, some Cantonese Pronunciation, some visible Mandarin structures, and many English mixtures.

  I find a similarity to Malay.

  In the past, before the Chinese came en-mass to Singapore and Malaysia, I don't think Malay language has many Hokkien loanwords and usage as well. Gradually as Malay came to be used as lingua-franca, the simplified structures that were used by Chinese came back (backflow) to haunt the Malay language as well. Nowadays most Malays can understand structures such as Gua Mo Makan, Lu Mia Kepala, or Hari Satu/Dua/Tiga... easily and frequently use them alongside the more formal Saya Hendak Makan, Kepala Anda, or Hari Isnin/Selasa/Rabu....

  Even whole Chinese words and phrases and whole sentence structures crept into the Malay dictionary, albeit marked as (bp) = (bahasa percakapan) = (colloquaillism), such as in Collins Malay Dictionary pg. 452 under cun (bp) cun-cun : Dia bertolak cun-cun pada pukul lima. (He left at exactly five five-o'clock.)

  Any Hokkien would be amazed by the cun-cun even if don't understand Malay!

• Clivebenss

  23 Jan 14, 16:35

  All languages will evolve in time alongside other language in a multilingual environment. The languages that are more widely spoken will influence lesser.

  Hokkien use 过正 but now they interchange to 过年more.

   

   

• BanguIzai

  24 Jan 14, 16:54

  Originally posted by Clivebenss:

  All languages will evolve in time alongside other language in a multilingual environment. The languages that are more widely spoken will influence lesser.

  Hokkien use è¿‡æ­£ but now they interchange to è¿‡å¹´more.

  Yes, �正 is the authentic saying.

  The Filipino Chinese are known to speak Chuanchew type Hokkien of the Chinkang type. Come, let's celebrate New Year in their Hokkien Death Metal style !

  Group:- Metal 168

  About

  LAN NANG DEATH METAL!!!!!!!!!!!!! Carlo Co: Vocals, Karlo Li: Guitars, David Teo: Guitars, Francis Lim: Bass, Normand Yu: Drums, Armina Yao: Keyboards

  Biography

  It all started back in 2010 when Carlo Co's(aka Harold Allan Cheng) Ama(Grandmother) was forcing him to play and compose a song for her in her birthday party. Just randomly, Carlo thought that it might be a funny idea to make a song about Ama's birthday in METAL. So in his head, he started writing and singing the melody of the song. But of course, he never performed it on her birthday party. 
  
  1 year later(2011), Carlo met Guitarist Karlo Li(aka Bruce Emmerson Go) and Bassist Francis Lim(aka William Erikson Tiu) from the progressive metal band 'Dark Crayola' through gigs and common friends. Then 2 years later(2012), Guitarist David Teo(aka Maxwell Lester Chua) asked Carlo to join his Power Metal Band 'Metara' to fill in the bass parts. 
  
  One day, Carlo remembered the song he wrote 2 year ago about his Ama and decided to bring all these Tsinoy(Chinese Filipino) Metalheads to his music studio and help him out and jam the song. That song was then entitled "Gua E Ama E Si Dit"(My Grandmas Birthday). We then decided to record the song and post it on Facebook. Not expecting anything, the song then became a viral hit among the Tsinoy Community in the Philippines. Because of this, we then decided to become a band and the rest is history... =D

  

  SONG: https://www.facebook.com/video/embed?video_id=4681189621764

  METAL 168 - LAN NANG NI TAO(short greeting song for the new year)

  Lyrics:
  Lan Nang Ni Tao Lo
  Kiong Hee Hwat Tsai!
  Ama be to lan ang pao
  Lan ki chia..
  TIKOY! tikoy!
  TIKOY! tikoy!
  TIKOY! tikoy!
  TIKOY! tikoy!
  TIKOY! tikoy!
  TIKOY! tikoy!
  CHA TIKOY! cha tikoy!
  CHA TIKOY! cha tikoy!

  Transliteration:
  咱儂年頭囖
  �喜發財�
  阿嬤慾互咱紅包
  咱去食..
  甜粿�甜粿�
  甜粿�甜粿�
  甜粿�甜粿�
  甜粿�甜粿�
  甜粿�甜粿�
  甜粿�甜粿�
  食甜粿�食甜粿�
  食甜粿�食甜粿�

  Translation:
  It's our start of the New Year lo
  Kiong Hee Huat Tsai!
  A-ma is going to give us Ang Pow
  We're going to eat..
  年糕�年糕�
  年糕�年糕�
  年糕�年糕�
  年糕�年糕�
  年糕�年糕�
  年糕�年糕�
  Eat 年糕ï¼�Eat å¹´ç³•ï¼�
  Eat 年糕ï¼�Eat å¹´ç³•ï¼�

• Clivebenss

  28 Jan 14, 05:06

  ok, now for a proper Hokkien greeting this New Year:

  新正�喜. sin chia kiong hee.

   

• BanguIzai

  29 Jan 14, 03:23

  Originally posted by Clivebenss:

  ok, now for a proper Hokkien greeting this New Year:

  新正�喜. sin chia kiong hee.

   

  Wow!

  That's proper Hokkien greeting I agree 

  - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + 

  I just posted in this thread:

      http://sgforums.com/forums/2029/topics/478945

     ä½ çœŸçš„会说闽å�—语å�—？（1,2,3,4）

   

  Lots of proper Hokkien usage.

  U like this post? 

• Clivebenss

  29 Jan 14, 05:12

  Originally posted by BanguIzai:

  Wow!

  That's proper Hokkien greeting I agree 

  - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + - + 

  I just posted in this thread:

      http://sgforums.com/forums/2029/topics/478945

     ä½ çœŸçš„会说闽å�—语å�—？（1,2,3,4）

   

  Lots of proper Hokkien usage.

  U like this post? 

  ok lah.

  

• BanguIzai

  29 Jan 14, 14:55

  Originally posted by Clivebenss:

  ok lah.

  

  Haha.

  U mean ay sai "公�" anihow say?

• ^Acid^ aka s|aO^eH~

  29 Jan 14, 17:33

  Hokay...

  Hokkien in SG nowadays we say: "Kong Hee Huat Cai~"

   

  wow, that sounds like someone getting rich 

• Clivebenss

  29 Jan 14, 19:04

  Originally posted by ^Acid^ aka s|aO^eH~:

  Hokay...

  Hokkien in SG nowadays we say: "Kong Hee Huat Cai~"

   

  wow, that sounds like someone getting rich 

  this is more a cantonese greeting translated.

  

   

• BanguIzai

  29 Jan 14, 23:27

  Originally posted by ^Acid^ aka s|aO^eH~:

  Hokay...

  Hokkien in SG nowadays we say: "Kong Hee Huat Cai~"

   

  wow, that sounds like someone getting rich 

  That "someone" whose getting rich has a wife whose face has a traditional Hokkien word for this:

  

  This thing is hardly to be seen nowadays anywhere in the city except for the traditional countryside.

  This thing is called HOR-TAU in Hokkien.

  

  which means:

  https://www.moedict.tw/~%E6%88%BD%E6%96%97

  戽ã„�ㄨˋ斗ㄉㄡˇhùdÇ’u

  1. 用來å�–æ°´ç�Œæº‰çš„農具。例 ã€Œç”¨æˆ½æ–—å�–æ°´ç�Œæº‰è¾²ç”°ã€�。

  2. 形容人的下巴æ‰�長如戽斗狀。例 ã€Œæˆ½æ–—形臉ã€�。

• charlize

  2 Feb 14, 11:12

  

• TehJarVu

  2 Feb 14, 11:44

  for a while i thot the thing is called bei (马) 

• Clivebenss

  2 Feb 14, 16:16

  Originally posted by TehJarVu:

  for a while i thot the thing is called bei (马) 

  ??

• ^Acid^ aka s|aO^eH~

  3 Feb 14, 13:10

  戽斗形臉

   

   

  Hor tao bin...

  

• BanguIzai

  3 Feb 14, 23:28

  Originally posted by Clivebenss:

  ??